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Model X3C09P2-03S
Rev D
Reflections From Equal Unmatched Terminations
Referring to the illustration below, consider the following reflection properties of the 3dB coupler. A signal applied to
port 1 is split and appears at the two output ports, ports 3 & 4, with equal amplitude and in phase quadrature. If ports
3 & 4 are not perfectly matched to 5 0 there will be some signal reflected back into the coupler. If the magnitude and
angle of these reflections are equal, there will be two signals that are equal in amplitude and in phase quadrature (i.e.
the reflected signals) being applied to ports 3 & 4 as inputs. These reflected signals will combine at the isolated port
and will cancel at the input port. So, terminations with the same mismatch placed at the outputs of the 3dB coupler will
not reflect back to the input port and therefore will not affect input return loss.
Γ (0.5V ∠ 2 θ + 0.5V ∠ 2 θ -180) = 0V
4
Γ × 0.707V ∠θ
0.707V ∠θ (-3dB)
1V
Isolated Port
1
2
Termination = Z L
Termination = Z L
Γ=
Z L ? Z 0
Z L + Z 0
|Γ (0.5V ∠ 2 θ -90 + 0.5V ∠ 2 θ -90)| = |Γ|
3
0.707V ∠θ -90 (-3dB)
Γ × 0.707V ∠θ -90
The reflection property of common mismatches in 3dB couplers is very beneficial to the operation of many networks.
For instance, when splitter/combiner networks are employed to increase output power by paralleling transistors with
similar reflection coefficients, input return loss is not degraded by the match of the transistor circuit. The reflections
from the transistor circuits are directed away from the input to the termination at the isolated port of the coupler.
This example is not limited to Power Amplifiers. In the case of Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA’s), the reflection property of
3dB couplers is again beneficial. The transistor devices used in LNA’s will present different reflection coefficients
depending on the bias level. The bias level that yields the best noise performance does not also provide the best
match to 50 . A circuit that is optimized for both noise performance and return loss can be achieved by combining
two matched LNA transistor devices using 3dB couplers. The devices can be biased for the best noise performance
and the reflection property of the couplers will provide a good match as described above. An example of this circuit is
illustrated below:
LNA Circuit Leveraging the Reflection Property of 3dB Couplers
Input
50 ?
Termination
Energy reflected from LNA
devices biased for optimum
noise performance
Amplitude and phase tracking
LNA devices biased for
optimum noise performance
50 ?
Termination
Output
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相关代理商/技术参数
X3C09P2-03S-CT
制造商:Anaren Microwave 功能描述:RF HYBRID COUPLER
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制造商:Anaren Microwave 功能描述:RF HYBRID COUPLER
X3C09P2-30S
功能描述:信号调节 800-1000MHz IL:.10dB VSWR:1.22 -55 to 95C
RoHS:否 制造商:EPCOS 产品:Duplexers 频率:782 MHz, 751 MHz 频率范围: 电压额定值: 带宽: 阻抗:50 Ohms 端接类型:SMD/SMT 封装 / 箱体:2.5 mm x 2 mm 工作温度范围:- 30 C to + 85 C 封装:Reel
X3C09P2-30S-CT
制造商:Anaren Microwave 功能描述:RF DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
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RoHS:否 制造商:EPCOS 产品:Duplexers 频率:782 MHz, 751 MHz 频率范围: 电压额定值: 带宽: 阻抗:50 Ohms 端接类型:SMD/SMT 封装 / 箱体:2.5 mm x 2 mm 工作温度范围:- 30 C to + 85 C 封装:Reel
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